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5
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91
Section 2. Microorganisms and the environment. Pharmaceutical microbiology
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Microbiology
Оглавление
List of abbreviations
Section 1. Morphology, physiology and genetics of microorganisms
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Section 2. Microorganisms and the environment. Pharmaceutical microbiology
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Topic: the effect of physical, chemical and biological factors on microorganisms
Issues for discussion
Theoretical block of information
Humidity
Temperature
Environment reaction
Salt and sugar concentration
Light
Chemical factors
Biological factors
Independent work
Laboratory work №1. Define the following concepts
Laboratory work №2. List the physical environmental factors and indicate their mechanism of action
Laboratory work №3. Fill out the table: indicate the group of disinfectant with examples and their mechanism of actions
Laboratory work №4. Write down the mechanism of action of preservatives (indicating the groups of preservatives and their use) and the requirements for preservatives
Test yourself
Test: the effect of physical, chemical, and biological factors on microorganisms
Answer key
Topic: sterilization. Methods, equipment, sterilization mode, sterilized material. Control of the sterilization regime. Disinfection and disinfectants. The concept of asepsis, antiseptics, preservation
Issues for discussion
Theoretical block of information
Independent work
Laboratory work №1. Write down and learn
Types of sterilization
Laboratory work №2. Fill out the table
Laboratory work №3. Define the following concepts and indicate the scope of application
Laboratory work №3. Methods for monitoring sterilization regimes: write down the classification, describe the principles of each method:
Test yourself
Test: sterilization, disinfection, and microbial control
Answer key
Topic: microflora of the external environment (soil, water, air). Sanitary microbiological examination of water, air, soil: indicators, methods for their determination, standards
Issues for discussion
Theoretical block of information
Independent work
Laboratory work №1. Define the concepts
Laboratory work №2. Fill out the table — sanitary indicative microorganisms (SIM) of environmental objects
Laboratory work №3. List the requirements for sanitary indicative microorganisms
Laboratory work №4. Environmental objects as sources of infections (fill in the table with at least 5 examples of infections)
Laboratory work №5. Methods for determining microbial contamination of air
Laboratory work №6. Methods for determining microbial contamination of various surfaces
Technique for taking swabs
Method of inoculation for general bacterial contamination
Accounting of results
Determination of total microbial number air using the Koch sedimentation method
Test yourself
Test: environmental microflora and sanitary examination
Answer key
Topic: study of the microflora of the human body. Dysbioses. Microflora correction agents
Issues for discussion
Theoretical block of information
Classification of dysbacteriosis
Principles of correction of dysbacteriosis
Independent work
Laboratory work №1. Define the following concepts, write them down and learn them
Laboratory work №2. Microbiota composition: fill out the table
Laboratory work №3. Fill out the table: classification of intestinal dysbiosis
Laboratory work №4. Classification of dysbiosis according to clinical forms
Test yourself
Test: human microflora, dysbiosis, and correction
Answer key
Topic: microflora of medicinal plants, medicinal plant materials. Phytopathogenic microorganisms. Sanitary and microbiological study of swabs from medicinal raw materials
Issues for discussion
Theoretical block of information
Normal microflora of medicinal plants: characteristics and significance
Epiphytic and rhizospheric microflora (surface colonizers)
Endophytic and symbiotic microflora (internal colonizers)
Significance of the normal microflora in pharmacy
Phytopathogenic microorganisms and their characteristics
Phytopathogenic bacteria
Phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes
Phytopathogenic viruses, viroids, and phytoplasmas
Infectious plant diseases: symptoms and pharmacopoeial relevance
Microflora of medicinal plant materials and determination of microbial contamination
The importance of microbiological quality control
Pharmacopoeial categories and acceptance criteria
Quantitative enumeration tests
Sanitary and microbiological study of swabs from medicinal raw materials
Storage conditions for medicinal raw materials: causes and signs of spoilage
Key factors influencing microbial growth during storage
Causes and signs of microbial spoilage
Independent work
Laboratory work №1. Determination of microbial contamination of plant medicinal raw materials
Laboratory work №2. Fill in the table
Laboratory work №3. Fill in the table
Laboratory work №4. Write down the table and learn
Test yourself
Test: microbiology of medicinal plants and raw materials
Answer key
Topic: microflora of various medicines. Control of sterile drugs. Standards for the State Pharmacopoeia XV
Issues for discussion
Theoretical block of information
Determination of antimicrobial action
Sterility test
Microbiological purity
Independent work
Laboratory work №1. Accounting to the results of sowing medicinal plant raw materials (OMP)
Laboratory work №1. List the objects in the pharmacy that are subject to mandatory bacteriological control
Laboratory work №2. Stages of determining the microflora of drugs
Laboratory work №3. Standards for the maximum permissible content of non-pathogenic microorganisms in dosage forms (fill in the table)
Laboratory work № 4. You need to learn how to use the State Pharmacopoeia
Laboratory work №5. Open volume 2 of the State Pharmacopoeia, find the article «Dosage Forms» and fill in the table — classification of dosage forms by state of aggregation
Laboratory work №6. Open the 1st volume of the State Pharmacopoeia, find the article «Microbiological purity» and fill in the table — test strains of microorganisms used in tests to determine the antimicrobial activity of drugs
Laboratory work №7. Using the article «Microbiological purity», write down ways to eliminate the antimicrobial action of drugs, and also fill in the table — inactivators of the antimicrobial action of drugs
Laboratory work №8. Using the article «Microbiological purity», find and write out the table — cultural, morphological and tinctorial properties of microorganisms — contaminants
Test yourself
Test: microbiology of medicines and sterility control
Answer key
Topic: final lesson on the section «Microorganisms and the environment. Pharmaceutical microbiology»
Issues for discussion
Final review test: microorganisms and the environment & pharmaceutical microbiology
Answer key
Section 3. The doctrine of immunity. Immunodiagnostic reactions. Medical immunobiological preparations. The doctrine of infection
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Section 4. Pathogens of bacterial and viral infectious diseases of humans. Pathogenic fungi and protozoa
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